Conditional Sentence

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 1,2,3 DAN CONTOH-CONTOH SERTA KUNCI JAWABANNYA

Dalam kegiatan  komunikasi sehari-hari, kita sering berandai-andai. Kalimat pengandaian dalam bahasa Inggris sering kita sebut sebagai Conditional Sentence. Perhatikan contoh-contoh dibawah ini;

·         If my parents give me money, I plan to buy a dictionary.

Ada 3 jenis conditional sentence.

1.       Conditional Sentence Type I: True in the present time

Fungsinya adalah untuk mengungkapkan rencana (plan), nasehat (advice) atau suatu kemungkinan (possibility/probablity).

2.       Conditional Sentence Type II: Untrue in the present time

Fungsinya adalah untuk mengungkapkan khayalan (imagination) atau angan-angan bodh belaka.

3.       Conditional Sentence Type III: Untrue in the past time

Fungsinya adalah mengungkapkan penyesalan (regret) tentang suatu hal, atau persoalan yang terlanjur terjadi di masa lalu.

Dalam sebuah conditional sentence, dipakai dua bentuk kata kerja dalam dua klausa, yaitu klausa pengandaian (if clause) dan klausa harapan (expectation/result clause)

Contoh:

·         If I had enough time now, I would write to my parents

         Clause                          expectation clause

 

1.       Conditional Sentence Type I: Rencana (plan) atau kemungkinan (possibility)

A.      Contoh

1.       If you do not have breakfast, you’ll be hungry.

2.       I think, you’ll be unable to finish the examination if you do not want to study tonight.

3.       If you go to university, you’ll have to prepare everything from now.

4.       If you have time, will you come to my house?

5.       Salmon  will make a tomato salad for the picnic tomorrow if she has got the tomatoes from the market.

6.       If you are sure that this afternoon is raining, you have to bring a raincoat.

7.       If the magazine is on my table, you can take it.

8.       If Dane has been in the classroom, you can ask her to return the book to the library now.

B.      Kesimpulan

A.      Gunakanlah conditional sentence type I, jika ingin mengungkapkan suatu harapan, rencana, nasehat atau suatu kemungkinan yang akan terjadi.

B.      Perhatikan penggunaan kata kerjanya,

·      If clause mempergunakan kata kerja bentuk present, baik simple present atau present continous.

·      Expectation clause mempergunakan auxiliary ‘will’ atau ‘can’ + verb 1.

2.       Conditional Sentence Type II : Khayalan atau angan-angan (Imagination)

A.      Contoh

1.       If the price of gasoline were only Rp. 50, I would be very happy.

2.       What would you do if you found $100.00 on the street?

3.       Would you say,’ Nice to meet you” if you met Sinta Bella in front of your school?

4.       If Sonia were my girlfriend, I would not wait to marry her too long.

5.       If I had a racing car now, I would join the competition this month.

6.       If you got a lottery of Rp. 100,000,000.00 what would you do?

B.      Kesimpulan

a.       Conditional sentence type II digunakan jika ingin mengungkapkan khayalan belaka (imagination), menghayalkan sesuatu yang sebenarnya berlawanan dengan kenyataan yang sebenarnya.

b.       Perhatikan penggunaan kata kerjanya:

·         If clause mempergunakan kata kerja bentuk past tense

·         Expectation clause mempergunakan auxiliary ‘would’ atau ‘could’ + verb 1

3.       Conditional Sentence Type III: Penyesalan (regret) masa lalu

A.      Contoh:

1.       Anda mengetahui bahwa kawan anda tidak mendapat undangan rapat kemarin, kemudian anda menagatkan,’Jika anda mendapatkan undangan (kemarin), apa yang akan (telah dapat) kamu lakukan?” if you had got the invitation for the meeting, what would you have done?

2.       Anda tahu bahwa kemarin hujan lebat. Sebenarnya, kawan anda punya rencana. Lalu anda bertanya,”Jika kemarin tidak hujan, apa yang akan (telah dapat)  kamu lakukan?” If it had not rained very hard yesterday, what would you have done?

3.       Anda,  mengatakan kepada saya bahwa seandainya anda bertemu dengan Rosha sebelum bertemu dengan Reza, anda telah menikahi Rosha. If I had met Rosha before I met Reza, I could have married her.

4.       Dani mengatakan kepada anda bahwa ia akan datang ke rumah anda kemarin, sedangkan anda merencanakan untuk menyuguhi dia jus buah. Maka anda akan mengatakan,”If Dany had come to my house yesterday, I would have served her special fruit juice.

5.       Sebenarnya anda dapat membeli sebuah kamus, jika bapak anda jadi memberikan uang kepada anda kemarin. Maka anda akan mengatakan,”If my father had given me money, I could have bought a dictionary.”

6.       Sebenarnya anda dapat pergi bersama Jullya jika kemarin anda banyak waktu. Maka anda akan mengatakan ,”I could have gone with Jullya if I had had enough time yesterday.

B.      Kesimpulan

a.       Gunakan conditional type III jima anda ingin:

·         Mengungkapkan ‘ketidakberdayaan anda” untuk melakukan sesuatu pada waktu lampau.

·         Mengungkapkan sesuatu yang terlanjur terjadi, dan anda mempunyai sedikit rasa menyesal. Perhatikan No. 3

b.       Perhatikan penggunaan kata kerja:

·         If clause mempergunakan kata kerja bentuk past perfect (had + verb 3).

·         Expectation clause mempergunakan auxiliary ‘would’ have atau ‘could’ have’ + verb 3.

 

 

 

LATIHAN SOAL DAN KUNCI JAWABANNYA

1.       “The man hit by a car yesterday would die if the doctors did not immediately operate on him.”

From this sentence, we may conclude that ...

A.      The man will be immediately operated on

B.      The man is still alive

C.      It’s too late to save the man

D.      The man died after the operation

E.      The doctors did not operate on him

2.       “If they had known that the flood was coming, they wouldn’t have stayed in their house.” This sentence means ...

A.      They knew the flood was coming, therefore, they stayed in their house.

B.      They decided to stay in their house although the flood was coming.

C.      They could not stay in their house because they knew that the flood was coming

D.      They did not know that the flood was coming, therefore they stayed in their house.

E.      They did not want to stay in their house because of the flood

3.       “He couldn’t bake an apple pie because he didn’t have any apples.” In another word, we can say” .....”

A.      If he has some apples, he can bake an apple pie.

B.      If he had some apples, he could bake an apple pie.

C.      If he had got some apples, he could have baked an apple pie.

D.      If he has some apples, he will bake an apple pie.

E.      If he had some apples, he would bake an apple pie.

4.       Shally would answer the phone if she ... at her office right now.

A.      Will be

B.      Stays

C.      Is

D.      Has been

E.      Had been

5.       If the mechanic had done the work properly, I ... no problem with my car yesterday.

A.      Would have had

B.      Have had

C.      Would have

D.      Had had

E.      Will have

6.       Why did you leave your very good job in that company?

I .... if the payment had been better.

A.      Will stay

B.      Have stayed

C.      May stay

D.      Would stay

E.      Wouldn’t have done

7.       If only we ... the police for direction, we wouldn’t have got lost.

A.      Asked

B.      Have asked

C.      Would ask

D.      Were asking

E.      Had asked

8.       Had she been there that day she ... about the announcement.

A.      Would know

B.      Would have known

C.      Knows

D.      Had known ...

E.      knew

9.       if only they ... her arrival tomorrow, they would be very busy today.

A.      Knew

B.      Would know

C.      Have known

D.      Had known

E.      know

10.   if you visit us this weekend, we won’t be at home as we ... to Bali by then.

A.      Will go

B.      Would go

C.      Would be going

D.      Would have gone

E.      Will have gone

11.   Linda wasn’t at home yesterday. If she ... at home yesterday, I ...her.

A.      Is – will visit

B.      Were – would visit

C.      had been – would have visited

D.      stayed – would visit

E.      Could stay – would visit

12.   It’s too bad that Helen isn’t here today. If she ..... here, she ... what to do.

A.      Comes – will know

B.      Can come – will know

C.      Were – would know

D.      Stays – knows

E.      Had stayed – would have known

13.   Fred failed the test because he didn’t study. However, if he .... for the test, he ..... it.

A.      Always studies – will pass

B.      Studied – would pass

C.      Is studying – will pass

D.      Had studied – would have passed

E.      Had studied – had passed

14.   An aerosol spray can explode if you ... it into a fire.

A.      Will throw

B.      Throw

C.      Threw

D.      Had thrown

E.      Must throw

15.   I got wet because I did not take my umbrella. However, I ... wet if I .... to take my umbrella with me yesterday.

A.      Would not get – remembered

B.      Would not get – would remember

C.      Did not get – remembered

D.      Would not have got – had remembered

E.      Hadn’t got – had remembered

16.   I am not a good cook, but if I ....., I would make all of my own meals.

A.      Have

B.      Will

C.      Were

D.      Was

E.      Had been

17.   A: When are you going to tell your sister the good news?

B: When she ...... for her business trip.

A.      Will be returning

B.      Is going to return

C.      Returns

D.      Is returning

E.      Had returned

18.   A: If I had known that you were in Bandung, I would have shown you many interesting places.

B: .......

A.      Thank you for showing me around Bandung

B.      Thank you I will really enjoy it.

C.      I am sorry. I didn’t have time to write to you before I left for Bandung

D.      That’s a good idea

E.      Well, I was such an interesting trip

19.   A: What would you get me if you had a chance to be abroad?

B: ....... a nice watch

A.      I will get you

B.      I got you

C.      I would get you

D.      I will have bought you

E.      I must have gotten you

20 A: Many of the participants were disappointed because they expected to have a serious talk with the minister.

B: I am sure that the minister would have attended the seminar if she had returned from the Middle East.

From the dialogue, it can be concluded that the minister ...

A.      Is still in the trip now

B.      Did not attend the seminar

C.      Had finally a serious talk with the participants

D.      Went to the Middle East for the seminar

E.      Had been back from the Middle East

 

KUNCI JAWABANNYA:

1.       B       5. A        9.    A        13.    D          17. C

2.       D       6. E        10.  E        14.    B          18. C

3.       C       7. E        11. C         15     D          19. C

4.       E        8. B        12. C         16    C           20. B